Haplogroup I-M223 (I2a2)
I-M223 is a northwest-European branch of the ancient haplogroup I — present since the Mesolithic and today scattered from Britain to Germany and Scandinavia. Explore the branch in the full Y-DNA haplotree — sub-branches, defining variants and where its testers live. Free, no account needed.
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Origin and distribution of I-M223 (I2a2)
I-M223 is the northwest-European face of haplogroup I2: a lineage found in Europe's ancient hunter-gatherers and in Neolithic and Bronze Age burials from Britain to the Carpathians, surviving today at moderate frequencies across Germany, the Low Countries, Britain, Ireland and Scandinavia rather than dominating any one region.
Its best-known sub-branch, I-M284, is almost entirely confined to Britain and Ireland, where it marks a lineage present since before Roman times; continental branches such as I-L801 spread with Germanic-speaking populations in the Iron Age and after. For a branch that never 'won' a region, M223 is remarkably persistent — a thread of the pre-farming European gene pool still visible in the modern tree.
One line among many: your Y haplogroup traces a single paternal line — one ancestor per generation out of thousands — so it is a thread of deep ancestry, not an ethnicity and not a percentage of who you are. Two men in the same branch share a forefather, but the rest of their genomes can differ as much as any two strangers'.
I-M223 among modern testers
Live figures from the tree of tested lineages — they describe people who took a Y-DNA test and shared an origin, not ancient frequencies.
Testers under this branch
21,809
Named sub-branches
3,190
Defining variants
30
- England · 1,358
- United States · 1,301
- Ireland · 893
- Germany · 877
- Scotland · 717
Frequently asked questions
What is haplogroup I-M223 (I2a2)?
I-M223 is a northwest-European branch of the ancient haplogroup I — present since the Mesolithic and today scattered from Britain to Germany and Scandinavia. It is a branch of the Y-DNA tree: everyone in it inherits the same set of defining mutations from one shared forefather.
How do I find out if I belong to I-M223 (I2a2)?
If you have already tested with a consumer DNA company, the free Y-DNA Clade Finder reads a raw DNA export (23andMe, AncestryDNA, MyHeritage or a VCF) and places you on the tree at the resolution your file supports — free, and the file is discarded after analysis. A dedicated Y-DNA sequencing test resolves deeper branches than a genotyping chip can.
Does belonging to I-M223 (I2a2) make me descend from one people?
No. A haplogroup follows a single paternal line — one ancestor per generation — while the rest of your ancestry doubles every generation back. It is a deep-time thread, not an ethnicity, and two members of the same branch can otherwise be as genetically different as any two strangers.
What does this page's tree data show?
The live browser below shows the branch inside the full Y-DNA haplotree of tested lineages — its sub-branches, the variants that define them, and the countries its testers report. Counts reflect people who have taken a Y-DNA test and shared an origin, so they describe the tested world, not ancient frequencies.
Keep exploring
Don't know your haplogroup yet? The free Y-DNA Clade Finder reads it from a raw DNA export. Or browse the whole tree in the Y-DNA Haplotree. Other major branches: