DNA Traits · Skin & sun
Tanning ability (ASIP region)
How easily skin tans in the sun.
What the research found
In the cited research, the T allele at rs4911414 was associated with lower self-reported tanning ability in the studied cohorts.
- GG
- Tans more
- GT
- Middle
- TT
- Tans less
- Evidence
- Genome-wide significant single-marker association replicating an earlier haplotype finding
- Who was studied
- European ancestry (US nurses and health professionals; Icelandic and Dutch participants for the haplotype)
How common each genotype is
| Region | GGTans more | GTMiddle | TTTans less |
|---|---|---|---|
| All regions2,504 people | 65% | 30% | 5% |
| Africa661 people | 78% | 21% | 1% |
| The Americas347 people | 46% | 39% | 15% |
| East Asia504 people | 69% | 27% | 4% |
| Europe503 people | 48% | 44% | 8% |
| South Asia489 people | 74% | 23% | 3% |
Among the 2,504 people of the 1000 Genomes Project, in five world regions. These percentages describe groups of people, never anyone’s chance of having a trait.
Through time
How often the studied letter was read in ancient people, era by era, in the region chosen.
| Before farmingbefore 6500 BC | 58%49 of 84 copies read |
|---|---|
| First farmers6500 to 3000 BC | 39%236 of 605 copies read |
| Bronze Age3000 to 1200 BC | 33%179 of 535 copies read |
| Iron Age and Antiquity1200 BC to AD 600 | 32%348 of 1,072 copies read |
| Middle AgesAD 600 to 1500 | 33%415 of 1,257 copies read |
| Today1000 Genomes | 30%302 of 1,006 copies |
Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes
- Altai Neanderthal
- No copies
- Vindija Neanderthal
- No copies
- Chagyrskaya Neanderthal
- No copies
- Denisovan
- No copies
The marker
- Gene or region
- ASIP region (20q11)
- Marker
- rs4911414
- Location
- Chromosome 20 · GRCh37 32,729,444 · GRCh38 34,141,638
- Letters studied
- G and T, with T as the studied allele
A DNA Traits report reads this marker in your raw DNA file and shows which of the three genotypes is yours, with how common it is. It counts the copies of the studied allele; it does not measure the trait itself.
- Marker
- ASIP region (20q11) · rs4911414
- Location
- Chromosome 20 · GRCh37 32,729,444 · GRCh38 34,141,638
- Studied allele
- T
- Published statistic
- beta -0.07 (SE 0.01) per T allele on tanning ability, P 3.8e-9; hair colour beta -0.05, P 1.3e-4; number of sunburns beta 0.26, P 0.01 (Zhang 2013 Table 6); Sulem 2008: the haplotype carrying this T with rs1015362 G gives OR 1.76 for skin sensitivity to sun, P 2e-24, and OR 1.95 for freckles, P 8e-29 (GWAS Catalog GCST000195 and GCST000197; the paper is not open access and was not read); Eriksson 2010 Table 2: freckling beta 0.393 per T, score 8.52 (Table 6 (rs4911414 row, tanning ability column) and Methods (tanning coding))
- 1000 Genomes Project phase 3, people with 0, 1 and 2 copies
- All regions 1625 / 745 / 134 · Africa 514 / 140 / 7 · The Americas 160 / 136 / 51 · East Asia 348 / 136 / 20 · Europe 242 / 220 / 41 · South Asia 361 / 113 / 15
What it cannot tell you
A small effect, and the stronger finding in this region belongs to a two-marker combination that this card does not read.
Genome-wide association studies identify several new loci associated with pigmentation traits and skin cancer risk in European Americans (Zhang et al., 2013)More in Skin & sun
- Ease of tanning association
- Severe sunburn history association
- Mole count association
- Facial pigmented spots association
- Ease of tanning (TYRP1)
- Ease of tanning (TRPS1)
- Ease of tanning (EMX2)
- Ease of tanning (IRF4)
- Ease of tanning (SPIRE2)
- Ease of tanning (MC1R R151C)
- Ease of sunburn (SLC45A2)
- Sunburn history (MC1R R160W)
- Stretch marks
See your own two letters.
Upload the raw DNA file you already have. Your report reads this marker and every other card studied for you, each with its evidence and its limits.