Evidence · Replicated

What the research found

In the cited research, the C allele at rs314276 was associated with earlier timing of the first menstrual period in studied women.

AA: Later
AC: Middle
CC: Earlier

Slight effect

What the study found

In the study, each copy went with age at the first menstrual period about 0.12 years lower on average.

Women in four British replication cohorts (ALSPAC mothers, EPIC-Norfolk, NSHD, 1958 British Birth Cohort) · 16,373 people · Abstract; Results replication paragraph; Table 1; Figure 2

Evidence: Replicated genome-wide association
Who was studied: European-ancestry women in discovery cohorts and British replication cohorts

The research behind this card was done only in women, so it is part of a report requested as female.

1000 Genomes Project

How common each genotype is

How common each genotype is in the 1000 Genomes Project, by region
Region	AALater	ACMiddle	CCEarlier
All regions2,504 people	12%	46%	42%
Africa661 people	21%	50%	29%
The Americas347 people	10%	43%	47%
East Asia504 people	9%	45%	47%
Europe503 people	11%	49%	41%
South Asia489 people	7%	42%	51%

Among the 2,504 people of the 1000 Genomes Project, in five world regions. These percentages describe groups of people, never anyone’s chance of having a trait.

Ancient genomes

Through time

How often the studied letter was read in ancient people, era by era, in the region chosen.

Region

Through time: Europe
Before farmingbefore 6500 BC	48%13 of 27 copies read
First farmers6500 to 3000 BC	67%140 of 208 copies read
Bronze Age3000 to 1200 BC	65%104 of 160 copies read
Iron Age and Antiquity1200 BC to AD 600	65%317 of 488 copies read
Middle AgesAD 600 to 1500	67%376 of 560 copies read
Today1000 Genomes	65%652 of 1,006 copies

Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes

Altai Neanderthal: 2 copies
Vindija Neanderthal: 2 copies
Chagyrskaya Neanderthal: 2 copies
Denisovan: 2 copies

Neanderthals and Denisovans carried this letter too: it is the older of the two.

For most ancient people only one of their two copies can be read, so these counts are copies read, not people. Close relatives, repeated samples and samples the archive marks as unreliable are left out. Ancient genomes from the Allen Ancient DNA Resource (AADR v66): 15,136 people.

rs314276

The marker

Gene or region: LIN28B
Marker: rs314276
Location: Chromosome 6 · GRCh37 105,407,999 · GRCh38 104,960,124
Letters studied: A and C, with C as the studied allele

A DNA Traits report reads this marker in your raw DNA file and shows which of the three genotypes is yours, with how common it is. It counts the copies of the studied allele; it does not measure the trait itself.

Marker: LIN28B · rs314276
Location: Chromosome 6 · GRCh37 105,407,999 · GRCh38 104,960,124
Studied allele: C
Published statistic: beta -0.12 years per C allele (95% CI -0.16 to -0.08), P 2.8e-10 (Table 1), replication meta-analysis N 16,373 (Results; Abstract); discovery -0.22 years per C allele (95% CI 0.14 to 0.29 earlier), P 1.5e-8, N 4,714; combined P 3.6e-16 (Abstract; Results replication paragraph; Table 1; Figure 2)
1000 Genomes Project phase 3, people with 0, 1 and 2 copies: All regions 306 / 1154 / 1044 · Africa 138 / 332 / 191 · The Americas 34 / 150 / 163 · East Asia 43 / 225 / 236 · Europe 55 / 244 / 204 · South Asia 36 / 203 / 250

See this card in the sample report

Limits

What it cannot tell you

This association concerns age at menarche, not fertility or the ability to conceive. The replication effect was small, about 1.4 months per C allele on average. It does not predict your age at the first period and is not a test for early or delayed puberty. Only the studied A/C allele pair is interpreted.

Genetic variation in LIN28B is associated with the timing of puberty (Ong et al., 2009)

The same topic

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