DNA Traits · Sleep & rhythms
Morning preference (RGS16)
Whether people call themselves a morning person or an evening person.
What the research found
In the cited research, the T allele at rs1144566 was associated with greater odds of reporting being a morning person in the studied cohorts.
- CC
- Less often
- CT
- Middle
- TT
- More often
- Evidence
- Genome-wide association in UK Biobank and 23andMe, significant in each cohort
- Who was studied
- European ancestry (UK Biobank and 23andMe research participants)
How common each genotype is
| Region | CCLess often | CTMiddle | TTMore often |
|---|---|---|---|
| All regions2,504 people | 97% | 3% | Not seen |
| Africa661 people | 95% | 5% | Not seen |
| The Americas347 people | 97% | 3% | Not seen |
| East Asia504 people | All | Not seen | Not seen |
| Europe503 people | 96% | 4% | Not seen |
| South Asia489 people | 99% | 1% | Not seen |
Among the 2,504 people of the 1000 Genomes Project, in five world regions. These percentages describe groups of people, never anyone’s chance of having a trait.
Through time
How often the studied letter was read in ancient people, era by era, in the region chosen.
| Before farmingbefore 6500 BC | 3%1 of 32 copies read |
|---|---|
| First farmers6500 to 3000 BC | 5%14 of 289 copies read |
| Bronze Age3000 to 1200 BC | 4%8 of 192 copies read |
| Iron Age and Antiquity1200 BC to AD 600 | 5%18 of 353 copies read |
| Middle AgesAD 600 to 1500 | 2%7 of 315 copies read |
| Today1000 Genomes | 2%22 of 1,006 copies |
Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes
- Altai Neanderthal
- Not read
- Vindija Neanderthal
- Not read
- Chagyrskaya Neanderthal
- No copies
- Denisovan
- Not read
The marker
- Gene or region
- RGS16
- Marker
- rs1144566
- Location
- Chromosome 1 · GRCh37 182,569,626 · GRCh38 182,600,491
- Letters studied
- C and T, with T as the studied allele
A DNA Traits report reads this marker in your raw DNA file and shows which of the three genotypes is yours, with how common it is. It counts the copies of the studied allele; it does not measure the trait itself.
- Marker
- RGS16 · rs1144566
- Location
- Chromosome 1 · GRCh37 182,569,626 · GRCh38 182,600,491
- Studied allele
- T
- Published statistic
- Meta OR 1.26 per T (ln OR 0.2306), from the secondary effect-size meta-analysis of the UK Biobank binary morning-person GWAS and the 23andMe morning-person GWAS; the primary sample-size meta-analysis (N 697,828) gives P 2e-95 (corrected), T frequency 0.029; 23andMe morning person ln OR 0.312 (SE 0.018), P 3.2e-65, N 248,094; UK Biobank chronotype beta 0.113 (SE 0.008), P 5.8e-47, N 449,734 (Supplementary Data 1). Wrist accelerometer timing per T in about 85,000 UK Biobank adults: L5 timing 0.093 h earlier (P 7.5e-10), sleep midpoint 0.026 h earlier (P 6.6e-4) (Supplementary Data 3) (Supplementary Data 1; Supplementary Data 3)
- 1000 Genomes Project phase 3, people with 0, 1 and 2 copies
- All regions 2434 / 70 / 0 · Africa 630 / 31 / 0 · The Americas 337 / 10 / 0 · East Asia 504 / 0 / 0 · Europe 481 / 22 / 0 · South Asia 482 / 7 / 0
What it cannot tell you
The T allele is rare, carried on about 2 in 100 chromosomes in Europe and Africa, so nearly everyone has none and two copies are almost never seen. Morning preference was self-reported.
Genome-wide association analyses of chronotype in 697,828 individuals provides insights into circadian rhythms (Jones et al., 2019)More in Sleep & rhythms
- Morning preference association
- Snoring tendency association
- Sleep efficiency association
- Overnight sleep episodes association
- Sleep midpoint timing association
- Daytime napping association
- Daytime sleepiness association
- Difficulty sleeping association
- Morning preference (AK5)
- Snoring (POC5)
- Snoring (TRAM1)
- Daytime napping (TLE4)
- Daytime napping (STK32A)
See your own two letters.
Upload the raw DNA file you already have. Your report reads this marker and every other card studied for you, each with its evidence and its limits.