DNA Traits · Sleep & rhythms
Morning preference association
Whether people call themselves a morning person or an evening person.
What the research found
In the cited research, the C allele at rs11121022 was associated with greater odds of reporting morning preference in the studied cohorts.
- AA
- Less often
- AC
- Middle
- CC
- More often
- Evidence
- Genome-wide association with self-reported morning preference
- Who was studied
- European-ancestry research participants at 23andMe
How common each genotype is
| Region | AALess often | ACMiddle | CCMore often |
|---|---|---|---|
| All regions2,504 people | 50% | 40% | 11% |
| Africa661 people | 72% | 25% | 3% |
| The Americas347 people | 41% | 45% | 15% |
| East Asia504 people | 58% | 38% | 4% |
| Europe503 people | 37% | 47% | 16% |
| South Asia489 people | 30% | 51% | 19% |
Among the 2,504 people of the 1000 Genomes Project, in five world regions. These percentages describe groups of people, never anyone’s chance of having a trait.
Through time
How often the studied letter was read in ancient people, era by era, in the region chosen.
| Before farmingbefore 6500 BC | 25%15 of 59 copies read |
|---|---|
| First farmers6500 to 3000 BC | 36%138 of 379 copies read |
| Bronze Age3000 to 1200 BC | 38%117 of 307 copies read |
| Iron Age and Antiquity1200 BC to AD 600 | 37%246 of 663 copies read |
| Middle AgesAD 600 to 1500 | 40%279 of 691 copies read |
| Today1000 Genomes | 39%397 of 1,006 copies |
Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes
- Altai Neanderthal
- Not read
- Vindija Neanderthal
- Not read
- Chagyrskaya Neanderthal
- No copies
- Denisovan
- Not read
The marker
- Gene or region
- PER3 region
- Marker
- rs11121022
- Location
- Chromosome 1 · GRCh37 7,836,659 · GRCh38 7,776,599
- Letters studied
- A and C, with C as the studied allele
A DNA Traits report reads this marker in your raw DNA file and shows which of the three genotypes is yours, with how common it is. It counts the copies of the studied allele; it does not measure the trait itself.
- Marker
- PER3 region · rs11121022
- Location
- Chromosome 1 · GRCh37 7,836,659 · GRCh38 7,776,599
- Studied allele
- C
- Published statistic
- OR 1.07 per C allele (95% CI 1.04 to 1.09), P 2.0e-8 (genomic-control adjusted); C frequency 0.42 (Table 2 (OR per C, 95% CI, P, B allele frequency); title and Introduction (n 89,283))
- 1000 Genomes Project phase 3, people with 0, 1 and 2 copies
- All regions 1245 / 993 / 266 · Africa 479 / 164 / 18 · The Americas 141 / 155 / 51 · East Asia 291 / 192 / 21 · Europe 187 / 235 / 81 · South Asia 147 / 247 / 95
What it cannot tell you
Morning preference was self-reported and involves many genes. This small association does not classify your chronotype, set an ideal bedtime or measure your circadian clock. Only the studied A/C allele pair is interpreted.
GWAS of 89,283 individuals identifies genetic variants associated with self-reporting of being a morning person (Hu et al., 2016)More in Sleep & rhythms
- Snoring tendency association
- Sleep efficiency association
- Overnight sleep episodes association
- Sleep midpoint timing association
- Daytime napping association
- Daytime sleepiness association
- Difficulty sleeping association
- Morning preference (RGS16)
- Morning preference (AK5)
- Snoring (POC5)
- Snoring (TRAM1)
- Daytime napping (TLE4)
- Daytime napping (STK32A)
See your own two letters.
Upload the raw DNA file you already have. Your report reads this marker and every other card studied for you, each with its evidence and its limits.