Evidence · Replicated

What the research found

In the cited research, the A allele at rs12405726 was associated with slightly more coffee, tea and grapefruit juice in total.

GG: Fewer drinks
AG: Middle
AA: More drinks

What the study found

In the study, each copy went with intake of coffee, tea and grapefruit juice combined about 1.49% higher on average.

Nurses' Health Study, Health Professionals Follow-up Study and Women's Genome Health Study · 39,924 people · Table 2, bitter non-alcoholic beverages block, rs12405726 row, stage 2 columns; the N 39,924 is printed in the 'Stage 2' column heading and the footnote states 'Betas and SEs are interpreted as % change per allele'

Evidence: Genome-wide association with independent replication
Who was studied: UK Biobank, with replication in three US cohorts

1000 Genomes Project

How common each genotype is

How common each genotype is in the 1000 Genomes Project, by region
Region	GGFewer drinks	AGMiddle	AAMore drinks
All regions2,504 people	45%	39%	15%
Africa661 people	83%	16%	<1%
The Americas347 people	24%	48%	28%
East Asia504 people	33%	50%	18%
Europe503 people	41%	45%	14%
South Asia489 people	27%	47%	26%

Among the 2,504 people of the 1000 Genomes Project, in five world regions. These percentages describe groups of people, never anyone’s chance of having a trait.

Ancient genomes

Through time

How often the studied letter was read in ancient people, era by era, in the region chosen.

Region

Through time: Europe
Before farmingbefore 6500 BC	19%12 of 62 copies read
First farmers6500 to 3000 BC	31%279 of 892 copies read
Bronze Age3000 to 1200 BC	31%245 of 795 copies read
Iron Age and Antiquity1200 BC to AD 600	32%339 of 1,053 copies read
Middle AgesAD 600 to 1500	34%193 of 565 copies read
Today1000 Genomes	36%364 of 1,006 copies

Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes

Altai Neanderthal: No copies
Vindija Neanderthal: No copies
Chagyrskaya Neanderthal: No copies
Denisovan: No copies

Neanderthals and Denisovans carried the other letter, so this letter is younger than our split with them.

For most ancient people only one of their two copies can be read, so these counts are copies read, not people. Close relatives, repeated samples and samples the archive marks as unreliable are left out. Damage in old DNA can fake this letter, so it is counted only from samples treated to remove that damage and from high-quality genomes. Ancient genomes from the Allen Ancient DNA Resource (AADR v66): 15,136 people.

rs12405726

The marker

Gene or region: ANXA9
Marker: rs12405726
Location: Chromosome 1 · GRCh37 150,956,128 · GRCh38 150,983,652
Letters studied: A and G, with A as the studied allele

A DNA Traits report reads this marker in your raw DNA file and shows which of the three genotypes is yours, with how common it is. It counts the copies of the studied allele; it does not measure the trait itself.

Marker: ANXA9 · rs12405726
Location: Chromosome 1 · GRCh37 150,956,128 · GRCh38 150,983,652
Studied allele: A
Published statistic: Per A, percent change in intake (Table 2): stage 1 1.05 (SE 0.18), P 5.90e-9 (stage 1 n 85,852); stage 2 1.49 (0.45), P 1.01e-3 (stage 2 n 39,924); joint 1.12 (0.17), P 3.50e-11, n 125,776 printed on the row. The footnotes that reduce the stage Ns (n 336,448 and 335,909 in stage 1, n 38,137 in stage 2) attach to the bitter alcoholic and coffee blocks, not to this one (Table 2, bitter non-alcoholic beverages block, rs12405726 row, stage 2 columns; the N 39,924 is printed in the 'Stage 2' column heading and the footnote states 'Betas and SEs are interpreted as % change per allele')
1000 Genomes Project phase 3, people with 0, 1 and 2 copies: All regions 1139 / 980 / 385 · Africa 551 / 106 / 4 · The Americas 83 / 168 / 96 · East Asia 165 / 250 / 89 · Europe 207 / 228 / 68 · South Asia 133 / 228 / 128

See this card in the sample report

Limits

What it cannot tell you

Intake combines coffee, tea and grapefruit juice, and how the gene acts on it is not known.

A genome-wide association study of bitter and sweet beverage consumption (Zhong et al., 2019)

The same topic

More in Nutrition & metabolism

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