Evidence · Replicated

What the research found

In the cited research, the T allele at rs2472297 was associated with slightly more cups of coffee a day among coffee drinkers.

CC: Fewer cups
CT: Middle
TT: More cups

Slight effect

What the study found

In the study, each copy went with cups of coffee a day among coffee drinkers about 0.14 cups a day higher on average.

Coffee drinkers of European and African American ancestry, all discovery and replication cohorts combined · 116,272 people · Table 1, rs2472297 row, trans-ethnic meta-analysis columns (effect from the random-effects meta-analysis of all stage 1 and stage 2 studies, footnote c; n in the row's last column)Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies six novel loci associated with habitual coffee consumption (Coffee and Caffeine Genetics Consortium, Cornelis et al., 2015)

Evidence: Genome-wide meta-analysis with independent replication
Who was studied: European ancestry (Iceland, the Netherlands, Germany, USA and Denmark)

1000 Genomes Project

How common each genotype is

How common each genotype is in the 1000 Genomes Project, by region
Region	CCFewer cups	CTMiddle	TTMore cups
All regions2,504 people	88%	11%	1%
Africa661 people	97%	3%	Not seen
The Americas347 people	83%	16%	<1%
East Asia504 people	All	Not seen	Not seen
Europe503 people	62%	33%	5%
South Asia489 people	93%	7%	Not seen

Among the 2,504 people of the 1000 Genomes Project, in five world regions. These percentages describe groups of people, never anyone’s chance of having a trait.

Ancient genomes

Through time

How often the studied letter was read in ancient people, era by era, in the region chosen.

Region

Through time: Europe
Before farmingbefore 6500 BC	7%3 of 46 copies read
First farmers6500 to 3000 BC	8%47 of 583 copies read
Bronze Age3000 to 1200 BC	11%54 of 470 copies read
Iron Age and Antiquity1200 BC to AD 600	13%93 of 689 copies read
Middle AgesAD 600 to 1500	12%51 of 437 copies read
Today1000 Genomes	21%216 of 1,006 copies

Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes

Altai Neanderthal: No copies
Vindija Neanderthal: No copies
Chagyrskaya Neanderthal: No copies
Denisovan: No copies

Neanderthals and Denisovans carried the other letter, so this letter is younger than our split with them.

For most ancient people only one of their two copies can be read, so these counts are copies read, not people. Close relatives, repeated samples and samples the archive marks as unreliable are left out. Damage in old DNA can fake this letter, so it is counted only from samples treated to remove that damage and from high-quality genomes. Ancient genomes from the Allen Ancient DNA Resource (AADR v66): 15,136 people.

rs2472297

The marker

Gene or region: CYP1A1-CYP1A2
Marker: rs2472297
Location: Chromosome 15 · GRCh37 75,027,880 · GRCh38 74,735,539
Letters studied: C and T, with T as the studied allele

A DNA Traits report reads this marker in your raw DNA file and shows which of the three genotypes is yours, with how common it is. It counts the copies of the studied allele; it does not measure the trait itself.

Marker: CYP1A1-CYP1A2 · rs2472297
Location: Chromosome 15 · GRCh37 75,027,880 · GRCh38 74,735,539
Studied allele: T
Published statistic: Per T allele, cups a day (Cornelis 2015 Table 1): stage 1 0.15 (SE 0.01), P 6.45e-47 (EUR n <= 91,462); stage 2 European 0.11 (0.01), P 3.26e-16 (n <= 30,062); stage 2 African American 0.19 (0.05), P 8.62e-5 (n <= 7,964); all stages 0.14 (0.01), log10 Bayes factor 62.77, n 116,272. Sulem 2011 Table 1: 0.26, 0.31, 0.24 and 0.03 cups a day per T in the four discovery samples and 0.20 and 0.28 in the Icelandic and Danish follow-up samples, combined P 5.4e-14, n 10,661. UK Biobank: beta -0.0686 SD per C on inverse-rank-normalised cups of coffee a day, P 1.5e-182 (Cole 2020 Supplementary Data 4), an independent replication of the Sulem and Cornelis cohorts. (Table 1, rs2472297 row, trans-ethnic meta-analysis columns (effect from the random-effects meta-analysis of all stage 1 and stage 2 studies, footnote c; n in the row's last column))
1000 Genomes Project phase 3, people with 0, 1 and 2 copies: All regions 2203 / 273 / 28 · Africa 642 / 19 / 0 · The Americas 288 / 56 / 3 · East Asia 504 / 0 / 0 · Europe 312 / 166 / 25 · South Asia 457 / 32 / 0

See this card in the sample report

Limits

What it cannot tell you

Intake was reported as cups a day by people who drink coffee, and cup size and strength differ between countries.

Sequence variants at CYP1A1-CYP1A2 and AHR associate with coffee consumption (Sulem et al., 2011)

The same topic

More in Nutrition & metabolism

Free, once per account

See your own two letters.

Upload the raw DNA file you already have. Your report reads this marker and every other card studied for you, each with its evidence and its limits.

See a sample report