DNA Traits · Appearance
Green or hazel eyes
Whether the iris shows the in-between shades, green or hazel, rather than blue or brown.
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Evidence · Replicated
What the research found
In the cited research, the T allele at rs1800407 was associated with green or hazel eye colour.
- CC
- Less often
- CT
- Middle
- TT
- More often
Clear effect
What the study found
In the study, how many people had green or hazel eyes, by genotype:
- CCNo copy
- 720 of 2,637 (27%)
- CTOne copy
- 213 of 508 (42%)
- TTTwo copies
- 14 of 23 (61%)
Australian (Queensland) twin families and relatives, mostly of northern European origin · 3,168 people · Table 4 (R419Q rows summed over the three rs12913832 genotypes), in the Complete Sample Collection
- Evidence
- Genome-wide association with independent replication
- Who was studied
- European ancestry (Australian twin families, 23andMe research participants, Latin American cohorts)
1000 Genomes Project
How common each genotype is
| Region | CCLess often | CTMiddle | TTMore often |
|---|---|---|---|
| All regions2,504 people | 95% | 5% | <1% |
| Africa661 people | >99% | <1% | Not seen |
| The Americas347 people | 94% | 6% | Not seen |
| East Asia504 people | >99% | <1% | Not seen |
| Europe503 people | 86% | 13% | <1% |
| South Asia489 people | 95% | 5% | Not seen |
Among the 2,504 people of the 1000 Genomes Project, in five world regions. These percentages describe groups of people, never anyone’s chance of having a trait.
Ancient genomes
Through time
How often the studied letter was read in ancient people, era by era, in the region chosen.
Region
Europe
| Before farmingbefore 6500 BC | 2%1 of 63 copies read |
|---|---|
| First farmers6500 to 3000 BC | 2%19 of 963 copies read |
| Bronze Age3000 to 1200 BC | 10%92 of 911 copies read |
| Iron Age and Antiquity1200 BC to AD 600 | 12%135 of 1,129 copies read |
| Middle AgesAD 600 to 1500 | 7%36 of 493 copies read |
| Today1000 Genomes | 8%76 of 1,006 copies |
Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes
- Altai Neanderthal
- No copies
- Vindija Neanderthal
- No copies
- Chagyrskaya Neanderthal
- No copies
- Denisovan
- No copies
Neanderthals and Denisovans carried the other letter, so this letter is younger than our split with them.
rs1800407
The marker
- Gene or region
- OCA2 (R419Q)
- Marker
- rs1800407
- Location
- Chromosome 15 · GRCh37 28,230,318 · GRCh38 27,985,172
- Letters studied
- C and T, with T as the studied allele
A DNA Traits report reads this marker in your raw DNA file and shows which of the three genotypes is yours, with how common it is. It counts the copies of the studied allele; it does not measure the trait itself.
- Marker
- OCA2 (R419Q) · rs1800407
- Location
- Chromosome 15 · GRCh37 28,230,318 · GRCh38 27,985,172
- Studied allele
- T
- Published statistic
- beta 0.823 per T allele on the zero (blue) to six (brown) eye colour scale, score 23.49 (P about 3e-24), n 4,402 23andMe participants (Eriksson 2010 Table 4); rs1800407 eye colour P below 1e-330 in 157,485 23andMe participants (Simcoe 2021, Results); eye colour P 6e-17 in 6,357 Latin Americans (Adhikari 2019, GWAS Catalog); the same T allele lowers tanning, OR 1.19 (1.16 to 1.23) per T, P 1.82e-31 (Visconti 2018 Supplementary Table 10) (Table 4 (R419Q rows summed over the three rs12913832 genotypes), in the Complete Sample Collection)
- 1000 Genomes Project phase 3, people with 0, 1 and 2 copies
- All regions 2382 / 117 / 5 · Africa 659 / 2 / 0 · The Americas 325 / 22 / 0 · East Asia 503 / 1 / 0 · Europe 432 / 66 / 5 · South Asia 463 / 26 / 0
Limits
What it cannot tell you
Its effect depends on the HERC2 marker read on the eye pigmentation card, and two copies are rare, so the two-copy share rests on twenty-three people.
A single SNP in an evolutionary conserved region within intron 86 of the HERC2 gene determines human blue-brown eye color (Sturm et al., 2008)The same topic
More in Appearance
- Eye pigmentation
- Red hair association
- Blond hair association
- Hair shape
- Hair thickness association
- Skin pigmentation
- Freckling association
- Hair greying association
- Eyebrow thickness association
- Beard density association
- Unibrow association
- Nose bridge breadth association
- Nose wing breadth association
- Nose protrusion association
- Nose tip angle association
- Chin protrusion association
- Earlobe attachment association
- Earlobe size association
- Ear ridge folding association
- Male pattern hair loss
- Male pattern hair loss, HDAC9 marker
- Male pattern hair loss, EBF1 marker
- Male pattern hair loss, WNT10A marker
- Hair lightness, SLC24A4 marker
- Blond hair, TPCN2 marker
- Hair lightness, SLC45A2 marker
- Red hair, ASIP region marker
- Hair lightness, HERC2 marker
- Hair colour, IRF4 marker
- Hair shape, WNT10A marker
- Hair shape, PADI3 marker
- Hair shape, HOXC13 marker
- Hair shape, GATA3 region marker
- Hair shape, FRAS1 marker
- Hair shape, LCE3E marker
- Straight hair, EDAR marker
- Eyebrow thickness, FOXD1 region marker
- Eyebrow thickness, FOXL2 marker
- Shovel-shaped incisors
- Finger length ratio (SMOC1 marker)
- Finger length ratio (LDAH marker)
- Finger length ratio (SALL1 marker)
- Finger length ratio (OLA1 marker)
- Nose root position
- Nose wing breadth (PAX1 marker)
- Earlobe attachment (PAX9 marker)
- Earlobe attachment (KIAA1217 marker)
- Earlobe attachment (MRPS22 marker)
- Fingerprint whorls (ADAMTS9 marker)
- Fingerprint whorls (EVI1 marker)
- Fingerprint whorls (SALL3 marker)
- Eye pigmentation (TYR)
- Freckling (TYR)
- Skin pigmentation (OCA2 H615R)
- Freckling (PPARGC1B)
- Freckling (HSPA12A)
- Freckling (BNC2)
- Freckling (EMX2)
- Freckling (EIF6, ASIP region)
- Skin lightness (OCA2 A481T)
- Eye pigmentation (TSPAN10)
- Eye pigmentation (TYRP1)
- Eye pigmentation (SLC24A4)
- Eye pigmentation (SIK1)
- Eye pigmentation (OCA2 exon ten)
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