DNA Traits · Appearance

Male pattern hair loss, HDAC9 marker

How much scalp hair men lose in the usual male pattern, from a receding hairline to a thinning crown.

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Evidence · Replicated

What the research found

In the cited research, the G allele at rs71530654 was associated with more extensive male pattern hair loss in the studied men.

AA: Less balding
AG: Middle
GG: More balding

Slight effect

What the study found

In the study, each copy went with self-reported hair loss pattern on a four step scale from no hair loss to severe hair loss, adjusted for age and ancestry about 0.11 points higher on average.

White British men in UK Biobank · 52,874 people · Table 1 (rs71530654 row: effect allele G, MAF 0.40, beta 0.11, SE 0.006, P 4.68e-70) and Methods (four patterns from UK Biobank question 2395)

Evidence: Replicated genome-wide association
Who was studied: Men of European ancestry

The research behind this card was done only in men, so it is part of a report requested as male.

1000 Genomes Project

How common each genotype is

How common each genotype is in the 1000 Genomes Project, by region
Region	AALess balding	AGMiddle	GGMore balding
All regions2,504 people	29%	49%	23%
Africa661 people	24%	52%	24%
The Americas347 people	31%	46%	22%
East Asia504 people	42%	46%	11%
Europe503 people	34%	50%	16%
South Asia489 people	15%	47%	39%

Among the 2,504 people of the 1000 Genomes Project, in five world regions. These percentages describe groups of people, never anyone’s chance of having a trait.

Ancient genomes

Through time

How often the studied letter was read in ancient people, era by era, in the region chosen.

Region

Through time: Europe
Before farmingbefore 6500 BC	41%14 of 34 copies read
First farmers6500 to 3000 BC	44%144 of 331 copies read
Bronze Age3000 to 1200 BC	38%88 of 232 copies read
Iron Age and Antiquity1200 BC to AD 600	41%199 of 480 copies read
Middle AgesAD 600 to 1500	43%138 of 323 copies read
Today1000 Genomes	41%411 of 1,006 copies

Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes

Altai Neanderthal: Not read
Vindija Neanderthal: Not read
Chagyrskaya Neanderthal: Not read
Denisovan: Not read

For most ancient people only one of their two copies can be read, so these counts are copies read, not people. Close relatives, repeated samples and samples the archive marks as unreliable are left out. Damage in old DNA can fake this letter, so it is counted only from samples treated to remove that damage and from high-quality genomes. Ancient genomes from the Allen Ancient DNA Resource (AADR v66): 15,136 people.

rs71530654

The marker

Gene or region: HDAC9
Marker: rs71530654
Location: Chromosome 7 · GRCh37 18,896,988 · GRCh38 18,857,365
Letters studied: A and G, with G as the studied allele

A DNA Traits report reads this marker in your raw DNA file and shows which of the three genotypes is yours, with how common it is. It counts the copies of the studied allele; it does not measure the trait itself.

Marker: HDAC9 · rs71530654
Location: Chromosome 7 · GRCh37 18,896,988 · GRCh38 18,857,365
Studied allele: G
Published statistic: UK Biobank: 0.11 points per G (SE 0.006), P 4.7e-70, n 52,874 (Hagenaars Table 1). Case-control log-odds per G: 0.242 discovery (P 7.3e-63) and 0.229 replication (P 2.2e-39) (Pirastu Supplementary Data 2 and 3). The independent meta-analysis lead at this locus is rs6461387 (r2 0.77 with rs71530654, CEU): beta -0.25 log-odds per G, P 7.9e-33 (Heilmann-Heimbach 2017 Table 1) (Table 1 (rs71530654 row: effect allele G, MAF 0.40, beta 0.11, SE 0.006, P 4.68e-70) and Methods (four patterns from UK Biobank question 2395))
1000 Genomes Project phase 3, people with 0, 1 and 2 copies: All regions 723 / 1215 / 566 · Africa 156 / 344 / 161 · The Americas 109 / 161 / 77 · East Asia 214 / 233 / 57 · Europe 173 / 249 / 81 · South Asia 71 / 228 / 190

Limits

What it cannot tell you

Studied in men of European ancestry. One of hundreds of markers that shape male pattern hair loss.

Genetic prediction of male pattern baldness (Hagenaars et al., 2017)

The same topic

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