Evidence · Replicated

What the research found

In the cited research, the T allele at rs1268789 was associated with curlier scalp hair.

CC: Straighter
CT: Middle
TT: Curlier

Slight effect

What the study found

In the study, each copy went with hair curliness on a three level scale from straight through wavy to curly about 0.09 points higher on average.

US volunteers, 98% of European ancestry (US sample) · 743 people · Supplementary Table 2 (rs1268789 row, US column: frequency 0.317, beta 0.0865, SE 0.0350, P 0.014) and Methods (US three level curliness scale)

Evidence: Replicated genome-wide association
Who was studied: Primarily European ancestry

1000 Genomes Project

How common each genotype is

How common each genotype is in the 1000 Genomes Project, by region
Region	CCStraighter	CTMiddle	TTCurlier
All regions2,504 people	32%	44%	24%
Africa661 people	47%	44%	9%
The Americas347 people	44%	44%	12%
East Asia504 people	6%	39%	55%
Europe503 people	44%	45%	12%
South Asia489 people	20%	47%	33%

Among the 2,504 people of the 1000 Genomes Project, in five world regions. These percentages describe groups of people, never anyone’s chance of having a trait.

Ancient genomes

Through time

How often the studied letter was read in ancient people, era by era, in the region chosen.

Region

Through time: Europe
Before farmingbefore 6500 BC	34%22 of 65 copies read
First farmers6500 to 3000 BC	40%398 of 987 copies read
Bronze Age3000 to 1200 BC	40%372 of 932 copies read
Iron Age and Antiquity1200 BC to AD 600	40%452 of 1,139 copies read
Middle AgesAD 600 to 1500	46%296 of 643 copies read
Today1000 Genomes	34%340 of 1,006 copies

Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes

Altai Neanderthal: 2 copies
Vindija Neanderthal: 2 copies
Chagyrskaya Neanderthal: 2 copies
Denisovan: No copies

For most ancient people only one of their two copies can be read, so these counts are copies read, not people. Close relatives, repeated samples and samples the archive marks as unreliable are left out. Damage in old DNA can fake this letter, so it is counted only from samples treated to remove that damage and from high-quality genomes. Ancient genomes from the Allen Ancient DNA Resource (AADR v66): 15,136 people.

rs1268789

The marker

Gene or region: FRAS1
Marker: rs1268789
Location: Chromosome 4 · GRCh37 79,280,693 · GRCh38 78,359,539
Letters studied: C and T, with T as the studied allele

A DNA Traits report reads this marker in your raw DNA file and shows which of the three genotypes is yours, with how common it is. It counts the copies of the studied allele; it does not measure the trait itself.

Marker: FRAS1 · rs1268789
Location: Chromosome 4 · GRCh37 79,280,693 · GRCh38 78,359,539
Studied allele: T
Published statistic: Per T: 0.076 European discovery meta-analysis (P 4.9e-15); replication POL 0.102 (P 0.021), US 0.087 (P 0.014), CANDELA 0.025 (P 0.058), ERF 0.001 (P 0.99); non-Asian meta-analysis 0.051 (P 1.5e-14) (Supplementary Table 2); reported earlier by Medland 2009 at P 7e-8 (Supplementary Table 6); its r2 0.98 proxy rs506863 has OR 1.27 per C (Table 2) (Supplementary Table 2 (rs1268789 row, US column: frequency 0.317, beta 0.0865, SE 0.0350, P 0.014) and Methods (US three level curliness scale))
1000 Genomes Project phase 3, people with 0, 1 and 2 copies: All regions 811 / 1098 / 595 · Africa 310 / 293 / 58 · The Americas 152 / 154 / 41 · East Asia 31 / 197 / 276 · Europe 221 / 224 / 58 · South Asia 97 / 230 / 162

See this card in the sample report

Limits

What it cannot tell you

One of many markers that shape hair curl, with a small effect in the study.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies 8 novel loci involved in shape variation of human head hair (Liu et al., 2018)

The same topic

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