DNA Traits · Appearance
Skin pigmentation
How light or dark the skin is.
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Evidence · Replicated
What the research found
In the cited research, the A allele at rs1426654 was associated with lighter skin pigmentation.
- GG
- Darker range
- AG
- Middle
- AA
- Lighter range
Strong effect
What the study found
In the study, the average on the skin melanin index, where higher means darker skin (estimated values for men), by genotype:
- GGNo copy
- 49.6 points
- AGOne copy
- 44.7 points
- AATwo copies
- 42 points
Men from three agricultural castes of Andhra Pradesh, South India (Cohort A) · 912 people · Supplementary Table S3A (estimated means from multiple imputation)
- Evidence
- Functional variant and replicated association
- Who was studied
- South Asian and other studied populations
1000 Genomes Project
How common each genotype is
| Region | GGDarker range | AGMiddle | AALighter range |
|---|---|---|---|
| All regions2,504 people | 48% | 16% | 36% |
| Africa661 people | 86% | 13% | <1% |
| The Americas347 people | 22% | 38% | 40% |
| East Asia504 people | 98% | 2% | Not seen |
| Europe503 people | Not seen | <1% | >99% |
| South Asia489 people | 14% | 36% | 51% |
Among the 2,504 people of the 1000 Genomes Project, in five world regions. These percentages describe groups of people, never anyone’s chance of having a trait.
Ancient genomes
Through time
How often the studied letter was read in ancient people, era by era, in the region chosen.
Region
Europe
| Before farmingbefore 6500 BC | 30%13 of 44 copies read |
|---|---|
| First farmers6500 to 3000 BC | 93%707 of 764 copies read |
| Bronze Age3000 to 1200 BC | 99%603 of 612 copies read |
| Iron Age and Antiquity1200 BC to AD 600 | 99%852 of 861 copies read |
| Middle AgesAD 600 to 1500 | 88%420 of 475 copies read |
| Today1000 Genomes | over 99%1,003 of 1,006 copies |
Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes
- Altai Neanderthal
- No copies
- Vindija Neanderthal
- No copies
- Chagyrskaya Neanderthal
- No copies
- Denisovan
- No copies
Neanderthals and Denisovans carried the other letter, so this letter is younger than our split with them.
rs1426654
The marker
- Gene or region
- SLC24A5
- Marker
- rs1426654
- Location
- Chromosome 15 · GRCh37 48,426,484 · GRCh38 48,134,287
- Letters studied
- A and G, with A as the studied allele
A DNA Traits report reads this marker in your raw DNA file and shows which of the three genotypes is yours, with how common it is. It counts the copies of the studied allele; it does not measure the trait itself.
- Marker
- SLC24A5 · rs1426654
- Location
- Chromosome 15 · GRCh37 48,426,484 · GRCh38 48,134,287
- Studied allele
- A
- Published statistic
- OR 26.2 for the A allele (95% CI 12 to 67.5) for the lighter (melanin index below 38) versus darker (above 50) extreme groups, adjusted for sex and caste, P 2.4e-31; r² 27% (95% CI 22 to 32) by the SNP alone (Results); estimated mean melanin index GG minus AA 7.48 units (95% CI 6.65 to 8.30), n 1,228 (Supplementary Table S3B); Cohort B replication P 3.24e-8 (Results) (Supplementary Table S3A (estimated means from multiple imputation))
- 1000 Genomes Project phase 3, people with 0, 1 and 2 copies
- All regions 1204 / 408 / 892 · Africa 568 / 88 / 5 · The Americas 77 / 131 / 139 · East Asia 492 / 12 / 0 · Europe 0 / 3 / 500 · South Asia 67 / 174 / 248
Limits
What it cannot tell you
This variant is not a skin-tone scale and gives no sun-exposure or skin-health advice.
The light skin allele of SLC24A5 in South Asians and Europeans shares identity by descent (Basu Mallick et al., 2013)The same topic
More in Appearance
- Eye pigmentation
- Red hair association
- Blond hair association
- Hair shape
- Hair thickness association
- Freckling association
- Hair greying association
- Eyebrow thickness association
- Beard density association
- Unibrow association
- Nose bridge breadth association
- Nose wing breadth association
- Nose protrusion association
- Nose tip angle association
- Chin protrusion association
- Earlobe attachment association
- Earlobe size association
- Ear ridge folding association
- Male pattern hair loss
- Male pattern hair loss, HDAC9 marker
- Male pattern hair loss, EBF1 marker
- Male pattern hair loss, WNT10A marker
- Hair lightness, SLC24A4 marker
- Blond hair, TPCN2 marker
- Hair lightness, SLC45A2 marker
- Red hair, ASIP region marker
- Hair lightness, HERC2 marker
- Hair colour, IRF4 marker
- Hair shape, WNT10A marker
- Hair shape, PADI3 marker
- Hair shape, HOXC13 marker
- Hair shape, GATA3 region marker
- Hair shape, FRAS1 marker
- Hair shape, LCE3E marker
- Straight hair, EDAR marker
- Eyebrow thickness, FOXD1 region marker
- Eyebrow thickness, FOXL2 marker
- Shovel-shaped incisors
- Finger length ratio (SMOC1 marker)
- Finger length ratio (LDAH marker)
- Finger length ratio (SALL1 marker)
- Finger length ratio (OLA1 marker)
- Nose root position
- Nose wing breadth (PAX1 marker)
- Earlobe attachment (PAX9 marker)
- Earlobe attachment (KIAA1217 marker)
- Earlobe attachment (MRPS22 marker)
- Fingerprint whorls (ADAMTS9 marker)
- Fingerprint whorls (EVI1 marker)
- Fingerprint whorls (SALL3 marker)
- Green or hazel eyes
- Eye pigmentation (TYR)
- Freckling (TYR)
- Skin pigmentation (OCA2 H615R)
- Freckling (PPARGC1B)
- Freckling (HSPA12A)
- Freckling (BNC2)
- Freckling (EMX2)
- Freckling (EIF6, ASIP region)
- Skin lightness (OCA2 A481T)
- Eye pigmentation (TSPAN10)
- Eye pigmentation (TYRP1)
- Eye pigmentation (SLC24A4)
- Eye pigmentation (SIK1)
- Eye pigmentation (OCA2 exon ten)
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