DNA Traits · Appearance
Straight hair, EDAR marker
Whether scalp hair grows straight, wavy or curly.
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Evidence · Replicated
What the research found
In the cited research, the G allele at rs3827760 was associated with straighter scalp hair.
- AA
- Curlier
- AG
- Middle
- GG
- Straighter
Strong effect
What the study found
In the study, each copy went with hair curliness score from straight (lowest) through wavy to curly about 0.13 points lower on average.
Han Chinese adults (Taizhou Longitudinal Study) · 2,899 people · Supplementary Table 6 (rs3827760, Han column: frequency 0.946, beta -0.131, SE 0.015, P 2.2e-18)
- Evidence
- Replicated genome-wide association
- Who was studied
- Primarily East Asian and Native American ancestry
1000 Genomes Project
How common each genotype is
| Region | AACurlier | AGMiddle | GGStraighter |
|---|---|---|---|
| All regions2,504 people | 71% | 10% | 19% |
| Africa661 people | >99% | <1% | <1% |
| The Americas347 people | 43% | 35% | 22% |
| East Asia504 people | 2% | 21% | 77% |
| Europe503 people | 98% | 2% | Not seen |
| South Asia489 people | 97% | 3% | Not seen |
Among the 2,504 people of the 1000 Genomes Project, in five world regions. These percentages describe groups of people, never anyone’s chance of having a trait.
Ancient genomes
Through time
How often the studied letter was read in ancient people, era by era, in the region chosen.
Region
Europe
| Before farmingbefore 6500 BC | 0%0 of 66 copies read |
|---|---|
| First farmers6500 to 3000 BC | 1%7 of 1,022 copies read |
| Bronze Age3000 to 1200 BC | 2%18 of 967 copies read |
| Iron Age and Antiquity1200 BC to AD 600 | 2%24 of 1,160 copies read |
| Middle AgesAD 600 to 1500 | 12%73 of 602 copies read |
| Today1000 Genomes | 1%11 of 1,006 copies |
Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes
- Altai Neanderthal
- No copies
- Vindija Neanderthal
- No copies
- Chagyrskaya Neanderthal
- No copies
- Denisovan
- No copies
Neanderthals and Denisovans carried the other letter, so this letter is younger than our split with them.
rs3827760
The marker
- Gene or region
- EDAR (Val370Ala)
- Marker
- rs3827760
- Location
- Chromosome 2 · GRCh37 109,513,601 · GRCh38 108,897,145
- Letters studied
- A and G, with G as the studied allele
A DNA Traits report reads this marker in your raw DNA file and shows which of the three genotypes is yours, with how common it is. It counts the copies of the studied allele; it does not measure the trait itself.
- Marker
- EDAR (Val370Ala) · rs3827760
- Location
- Chromosome 2 · GRCh37 109,513,601 · GRCh38 108,897,145
- Studied allele
- G
- Published statistic
- Per G on a three level curliness score: Han -0.131 (P 2.2e-18, n 2,899), Uyghur -0.201 (P 2.7e-14, n 709), Rotterdam -0.213 (P 8.6e-3, G at 0.016); all-cohort meta-analysis -0.138 (P 5.3e-49) (Liu Supplementary Table 6, citing the Han and Uyghur GWAS of Wu et al. 2016). CANDELA: P 3e-119 for hair shape (Adhikari 2016 Table 1). Japanese women: EDAR top SNP rs260643 (r2 0.82 with rs3827760, JPT) for straight against curly hair (Endo 2018 Results) (Supplementary Table 6 (rs3827760, Han column: frequency 0.946, beta -0.131, SE 0.015, P 2.2e-18))
- 1000 Genomes Project phase 3, people with 0, 1 and 2 copies
- All regions 1788 / 252 / 464 · Africa 658 / 2 / 1 · The Americas 150 / 122 / 75 · East Asia 12 / 104 / 388 · Europe 492 / 11 / 0 · South Asia 476 / 13 / 0
Limits
What it cannot tell you
The straight hair letter is common in East Asia and the Americas and almost absent in Europe and Africa. This is the hair thickness and chin protrusion cards' marker.
Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies 8 novel loci involved in shape variation of human head hair (Liu et al., 2018)The same topic
More in Appearance
- Eye pigmentation
- Red hair association
- Blond hair association
- Hair shape
- Hair thickness association
- Skin pigmentation
- Freckling association
- Hair greying association
- Eyebrow thickness association
- Beard density association
- Unibrow association
- Nose bridge breadth association
- Nose wing breadth association
- Nose protrusion association
- Nose tip angle association
- Chin protrusion association
- Earlobe attachment association
- Earlobe size association
- Ear ridge folding association
- Male pattern hair loss
- Male pattern hair loss, HDAC9 marker
- Male pattern hair loss, EBF1 marker
- Male pattern hair loss, WNT10A marker
- Hair lightness, SLC24A4 marker
- Blond hair, TPCN2 marker
- Hair lightness, SLC45A2 marker
- Red hair, ASIP region marker
- Hair lightness, HERC2 marker
- Hair colour, IRF4 marker
- Hair shape, WNT10A marker
- Hair shape, PADI3 marker
- Hair shape, HOXC13 marker
- Hair shape, GATA3 region marker
- Hair shape, FRAS1 marker
- Hair shape, LCE3E marker
- Eyebrow thickness, FOXD1 region marker
- Eyebrow thickness, FOXL2 marker
- Shovel-shaped incisors
- Finger length ratio (SMOC1 marker)
- Finger length ratio (LDAH marker)
- Finger length ratio (SALL1 marker)
- Finger length ratio (OLA1 marker)
- Nose root position
- Nose wing breadth (PAX1 marker)
- Earlobe attachment (PAX9 marker)
- Earlobe attachment (KIAA1217 marker)
- Earlobe attachment (MRPS22 marker)
- Fingerprint whorls (ADAMTS9 marker)
- Fingerprint whorls (EVI1 marker)
- Fingerprint whorls (SALL3 marker)
- Green or hazel eyes
- Eye pigmentation (TYR)
- Freckling (TYR)
- Skin pigmentation (OCA2 H615R)
- Freckling (PPARGC1B)
- Freckling (HSPA12A)
- Freckling (BNC2)
- Freckling (EMX2)
- Freckling (EIF6, ASIP region)
- Skin lightness (OCA2 A481T)
- Eye pigmentation (TSPAN10)
- Eye pigmentation (TYRP1)
- Eye pigmentation (SLC24A4)
- Eye pigmentation (SIK1)
- Eye pigmentation (OCA2 exon ten)
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