Evidence · Replicated

What the research found

In the cited research, the A allele at rs1160312 was associated with more extensive male pattern hair loss in the studied men.

GG: Less balding
AG: Middle
AA: More balding

Modest effect

What the study found

In the study, each copy went with self-reported hair loss pattern on a four step scale from no balding to extensive balding, adjusted for age and ancestry about 0.15 points higher on average.

Men of European ancestry in UK Biobank · 205,327 people · Supplementary Data 3 (rs1160312 row: ALLELE1 G, A1FREQ 0.457, BETA -0.1488, SE 0.0031, P printed as 0) and Results (scores 1 to 4, adjusted for age, assessment centre, ethnicity and 40 principal components)Dissection of genetic variation and evidence for pleiotropy in male pattern baldness (Yap et al., 2018)

Evidence: Genome-wide association with independent replication
Who was studied: Men of European ancestry

The research behind this card was done only in men, so it is part of a report requested as male.

1000 Genomes Project

How common each genotype is

How common each genotype is in the 1000 Genomes Project, by region
Region	GGLess balding	AGMiddle	AAMore balding
All regions2,504 people	41%	43%	16%
Africa661 people	53%	40%	7%
The Americas347 people	49%	40%	11%
East Asia504 people	48%	40%	13%
Europe503 people	25%	44%	31%
South Asia489 people	27%	51%	21%

Among the 2,504 people of the 1000 Genomes Project, in five world regions. These percentages describe groups of people, never anyone’s chance of having a trait.

Ancient genomes

Through time

How often the studied letter was read in ancient people, era by era, in the region chosen.

Region

Through time: Europe
Before farmingbefore 6500 BC	46%30 of 65 copies read
First farmers6500 to 3000 BC	45%411 of 921 copies read
Bronze Age3000 to 1200 BC	46%397 of 854 copies read
Iron Age and Antiquity1200 BC to AD 600	45%495 of 1,099 copies read
Middle AgesAD 600 to 1500	47%245 of 523 copies read
Today1000 Genomes	53%534 of 1,006 copies

Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes

Altai Neanderthal: No copies
Vindija Neanderthal: No copies
Chagyrskaya Neanderthal: No copies
Denisovan: No copies

Neanderthals and Denisovans carried the other letter, so this letter is younger than our split with them.

For most ancient people only one of their two copies can be read, so these counts are copies read, not people. Close relatives, repeated samples and samples the archive marks as unreliable are left out. Damage in old DNA can fake this letter, so it is counted only from samples treated to remove that damage and from high-quality genomes. Ancient genomes from the Allen Ancient DNA Resource (AADR v66): 15,136 people.

rs1160312

The marker

Gene or region: 20p11.22 region between PAX1 and FOXA2
Marker: rs1160312
Location: Chromosome 20 · GRCh37 22,050,503 · GRCh38 22,069,865
Letters studied: A and G, with A as the studied allele

A DNA Traits report reads this marker in your raw DNA file and shows which of the three genotypes is yours, with how common it is. It counts the copies of the studied allele; it does not measure the trait itself.

Marker: 20p11.22 region between PAX1 and FOXA2 · rs1160312
Location: Chromosome 20 · GRCh37 22,050,503 · GRCh38 22,069,865
Studied allele: A
Published statistic: Discovery: OR 1.79 (1.49 to 2.15) per A, P 3.2e-10, CoLaus extreme case-control study of 578 early-onset cases and 547 controls; replication OR 1.68 TwinsUK (P 2.0e-3), 1.41 Iceland (P 6.1e-3), 1.40 Netherlands (P 0.018); all men OR 1.60 (1.42 to 1.80), P 1.1e-14 (Richards 2008 Table 1). UK Biobank: 0.149 points per A on the adjusted four-pattern score (SE 0.003, n 205,327; Yap 2018 Supplementary Data 3); log-odds 0.337 per A (SE 0.017), P 3.4e-87 in Pirastu's replication cohorts (Pirastu 2017 Supplementary Data 2) (Supplementary Data 3 (rs1160312 row: ALLELE1 G, A1FREQ 0.457, BETA -0.1488, SE 0.0031, P printed as 0) and Results (scores 1 to 4, adjusted for age, assessment centre, ethnicity and 40 principal components))
1000 Genomes Project phase 3, people with 0, 1 and 2 copies: All regions 1017 / 1078 / 409 · Africa 350 / 266 / 45 · The Americas 169 / 139 / 39 · East Asia 240 / 200 / 64 · Europe 125 / 222 / 156 · South Asia 133 / 251 / 105

Limits

What it cannot tell you

Studied in men of European ancestry. One of hundreds of markers that shape male pattern hair loss.

Male-pattern baldness susceptibility locus at 20p11 (Richards et al., 2008)

The same topic

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